Maintaining a Happy Marriage With Some Stress

Maintaining a Happy Marriage With Some Stress Relationships Spouses & Partners Print How to Maintain a Happy Marriage With Some Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 10, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 01, 2019 Mark Edward Atkinson/Tracey Lee/Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Do you sometimes feel like your relationship is in a rut? Most of us strive to keep drama levels low in our relationships, but we dont want to eliminate all  drama â€" boredom, and lack of connection can be problems in themselves.  Research on marital satisfaction underscores the importance of having fun in a relationship. Stony Brook University social psychology researchers Irene Tsapelas and Arthur Aron, along with University of Michigan researcher Terri Orbuch, interviewed a representative U.S. sample of 123 married couples seven years into their marriage, and then again, nine years later, 16 years into their marriage, and found that those who felt bored in their marriage at 7 years were significantly more likely to feel bored and less satisfied after 16 years of marriage. Being in a Rut in Your Marriage The researchers asked couples questions like, “During the past month, how often did you feel that your marriage was in a rut (or getting into a rut), that you do the same thing all the time and rarely get to do exciting things together as a couple?” It was found that boredom at 7 years was correlated to increased boredom even 9 years later. One important finding here is that being in a rut, or being bored in the relationship, led to less closeness, which led to reduced satisfaction in the marriage. These findings suggest that a happy marriage involves more than merely a lack of conflict (though knowing how to work through problems in a respectful way is also key). People often think that couples who ‘never fight’ are the happiest but research shows that a little conflict can be a good thing. It also reminds us that going through challenges as a couple (from daily life stress that we help each other manage, to major crises that we support one another work through) isn’t entirely bad, and can actually bring couples closer. Although major crises can also take a toll on a marriage, this is a reminder that enduring sameness and routine isn’t the ideal, either, and that the challenges we face can have a positive impact, too. Aron has done previous research on couples that have shown that when couples go through new experiences and challenges together, marital satisfaction increases. “It is not enough for couples to be free of problems and conflicts,” notes Aron in a press release. “The take-home message of this research is that to maintain high levels of marital quality over time, couples also need to make their lives together exciting.” Trying New Things Together in a Marriage So how can you keep things exciting in a marriage â€" especially when life takes over and you have real responsibilities? The key is to not only communicate and work through conflict in healthy ways  but do things together that are new and exciting. Here are some ways to do that, and maintain a happy marriage: Have a date night once a week. My husband and I started doing this years ago, and it was transformative for our marriage. We had fallen into a rut of being parents and workers who just exchanged stories about our days each night, and this helped us have frequent new experiences together where we were able to just be “us” again  and have fun! (Note: if hiring a sitter is out of the question financially, see if you can swap babysitting with another family; then the kids get to play and the adults get regular breaks for free.)Try new thingsâ€"regularly! When you’re on your dates, don’t just do the same things all the time. Go see stand-up comedy, go on hikes, go horseback riding, see live music, try new and exotic food, take dance classes together. Do things that you haven’t done before! This helps relieve stress and boredom in life  and allows you to grow together at the same time.Participate actively in each other’s lives. Get involved in what your spouse is doing, and in vite their participation in your life. Your challenges then become shared experiences, you both benefit from the support, and stressors feel less stressful. If you’re parents, this includes both of you being actively involved in your kids’ lives  and facing challenges as a team. (This sounds like a given, but sometimes reminders help.)Have more fun. Sometimes its just that simple â€" seek out fun, and make it part of your relationship. This can be as simple as maintaining a sense of humor or can involve taking certain steps toward having fun on a regular basis. Dont let responsibility and stress rob you of marital satisfaction and fun in life â€" you both deserve better! Following these steps can help you to enjoy life more, feel less stressed, and experience greater levels of marital satisfaction. Sounds win-win, doesnt it?

Eteocles and Polynices

Eteocles and Polynices were the sons of the classic Greek tragic hero and Theban king Oedipus, who fought each other for the control of Thebes after their father abdicated. The Oedipus story is part of the Theban cycle and told most famously by the Greek poet Sophocles. After decades of ruling Thebes, Oedipus discovered he had been at the mercy of a prophecy cast before his birth. Fulfilling the curse, Oedipus had unwittingly killed his own father Laius, and married and fathered four children by his mother Jocasta. In rage and horror, Oedipus blinded himself and abandoned his throne. As he left, Oedipus cursed his own two grown sons/brothers, Eteocles and Polynices had been left to rule Thebes, but Oedipus doomed them to kill each other. The 17th-century painting by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo shows the fulfillment of that curse, their deaths at each others hand. Owning the Throne The Greek poet Aeschylus told the Eteocles and Polynices story in his award-winning trilogy on the topic, Seven Against Thebes, In the final play, the brothers fight  each other for possession of the throne of Thebes. At first, they had agreed to rule Thebes jointly by alternating years in power, but after his first year, Eteocles refused to step down. To gain the rule of Thebes, Polynices needed warriors, but Theban men within the city would only fight for his brother. Instead, Polynices gathered a group of men from Argos. There were seven gates to Thebes, and Polynices selected seven captains to lead the charges against each gate. To fight them and protect the gates, Eteocles selected the best-qualified man in Thebes to challenge the specific Argive adversary, so there are seven Theban counterparts to the Argive attackers. The seven pairs are: Tydeus vs. MelanippusCapaneus vs. PolyphontesEteoclus vs. MegareusHippomedon vs. HyperbiusParthenopeus vs.  ActorAmphiaraus vs. LasthenesPolynices vs. Eteocles The battles end when the two brothers kill each other with swords. In the sequel to the battle between Eteocles and Polynices, the successors of the fallen Argives, known as the Epigoni, win control of Thebes. Eteocles was buried honorably, but the traitor Polynices was not, leading to their sister Antigones own tragedy.

Maya Angelou A Model Woman Through Influential Literature...

There are many women of today that have become a model for society. In order to have the reputation of the model woman, there is a need for accomplishment in life in addition to being a positive influence on society itself. Maya Angelou is a great example of the model woman. She has beaten the odds and has become one of the most well known African American women of today. She is an author, poet, historian, songwriter, playwright, dancer, stage and screen producer, director, performer, singer, and civil rights activist. Her most influential work comes from her extraordinary books and poems. Her literature has influenced the young and old with their contents. Maya Angelous literary significance rests primarily upon her exceptional†¦show more content†¦Joanne M. Braxton described her and her literature as Americas most visible black woman autobiographer. While black women writers might share traditional motivations for writing autobiography, other motives derive from their uni que experiences. And yet, against all odds, she comes to self-awareness and finds herself at the center of her own experience. Maya Angelou has tempered her own anger and put it to a constructive purpose; her work specks to the necessity of reflecting, remembering, opening, healing, and, at times, issuing a warning. In I know Why the Caged Birds Sings, she focuses almost entirely on the inner spaces of her emotional and personal life, crafting a literary autobiography that becomes not merely a personal record but also a stage on which the sins of the past can be recalled and rituals of healing and reconciliation enacted. (Braxton, Joann, page 4) Maya Angelou has been awarded over 30 honorary degrees and was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for her 1971 volume of poetry, Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water Fore I Diiie. Again, the theme of this volume of poetry focuses on Angelous perspective on what it means to be a black woman in the United States, but also address experiences common to all people. The book has two parts, Where Love is a Scream of Anguish and Just Before the World Ends. The firstShow MoreRelatedEssay On Maya Angelou1280 Words   |  6 PagesMaya Angelou, named at birth, Marguerite Johnson was on April 4th, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. Her and her family moved from St. Louis to Stamps, Arkansas, where she was raised growing up. Maya Angelou was an American author, dancer, screenwriter, actress, poet and civil rights activist. Angelou gained a majority of her fame with the memoir she wrote in 1969, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. This memoir made literary history as being the first nonfiction best-seller by an African-American womanRead MoreI Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Maya Angelou6502 Words   |  27 PagesAnalysis: Chapters 1–5 The lines from the poem Maya cannot finish, â€Å"What are you looking at me for? I didn’t come to stay . . .† capture two of the most significant issues she struggles with in her childhood and young adulthood: feeling ugly and awkward and never feeling attached to one place. First, Maya imagines that though people judge her unfairly by her awkward looks, they will be surprised one day when her true self emerges. At the time, she hopes that she will emerge as if in a fairy-tale

Stroke In Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Purpose- The intent of this reappraisal is to look at the consequence of timing of the surgery on the hazard decrease from undergoing the process in patients that have diagnostic carotid stricture and have suffered old transeunt ischemic onslaughts or acute shots. What will be reviewed are the chief randomised control tests carried out in recent old ages and the guidelines obtained from such tests. The tests being the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial ( NASCET ) ( 2 ) the European Carotid Surgery Trial ( ECST ) ( 1 ) and a Population based survey of holds in Carotid imagination and surgery and the hazard of recurrent shot, ( the Oxfordshire survey ) ( 3 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Stroke In Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Search methods- The writer used the University of Liverpool and Lancaster University library services to carry on the hunts every bit good as the universe broad web. Database hunts were conducted utilizing MEDLINE, PUBMED, Web of Science and OvidS. Cardinal words: shot, TIA, carotid endarterectomy, hazard, carotid stricture, timing, surgery, early Consequences: Decisions: Introduction An estimated 150,000 people have a shot with over 67,000 deceases attributed to stroke each twelvemonth in the UK. It is the 3rd most common cause of decease in England and Wales and histories for 9 per cent of all deceases in work forces and 13 per cent of deceases in adult females in the UK. It causes greater disablement than other chronic diseases and there are an estimated 300,000 people populating with moderate to terrible disablements due to shots. ( 4 ) In England shots cost the economic system A ; lb ; 7bn. This includes NHS costs, station shot attention costs and cost due to loss of productiveness and disablement ( 4 ) . A shot can be defined as either ischemic or haemorrhagic. Both cause a break in the blood supply to the encephalon and rapid development of loss of encephalon map either due to spliting of a blood vas or as in the instance of carotid arteria disease the blocking of a vas either due to plaque formation or thrombus formation. Ischaemic strokes history for 70 % of all shots. ( 5 ) Ischaemia is the deficiency of O and glucose to the tissues and so the eventual decease of the tissue. The location of the ischaemia and the loss of encephalon map can be determined by the attendant effects such as hemiparesis or unilateral paralysis, the inability to organize or understand address and the loss of ocular Fieldss typically amaurosis fugax ( a transient monocular ocular loss ) . A transeunt ischaemic onslaught ( TIA ) is frequently referred to as a mini shot and is the consequence of break of blood flow temporarily to a portion of the encephalon ( 5 ) . This impermanent break of blood flow consequences in brief neurologic disfunction that persists for less than 24 hours. If the symptoms last for longer than 24 hours it is classed as a shot. Ischaemic shots and TIA are on occasion treated with thrombolysis, the pharmacological dislocation of coagulums, physical therapy, address and linguistic communication therapy and occupational therapy. For patients shown to hold carotid artery stricture surgery is besides an option. Carotid endarterectomy ( CEA ) is a surgical process performed to forestall shots in patients who suffer from carotid arteria disease. Patients may hold diagnostic or symptomless carotid arterial stricture which is contracting of an arteria in this instance the common carotid arteria ( CCA ) . The stricture is caused by coronary artery disease and plaque formation on the interior of the arteria ( 6, 7 ) . The plaque formation normally occurs at the bifurcation of the CCA and this so causes narrowing of the lms and/or the release of emboli in to the circulation which can so come in the internal carotid arteria and so the encephalon. This can so do a transeunt ischemic onslaught or a shot. The grade of stricture of the CCA determines how high the hazard is for such an event. Patients who have suffered a TIA should be to the full assessed utilizing the ABCD2 mark to find the hazard of farther shot and should besides undergo encephalon imagination ( 8 ) . Patients with an ABCD2 mark of 4 or more and where the vascular pathology is diffident so the encephalon imagination should be carried out within 24 hours of oncoming of symptoms. Those with an ABCD2 mark of less than 4 where the vascular pathology is diffident are classed as lower hazard of farther shot and should guarantee they undergo encephalon imagination with in 1 hebdomad of the oncoming of symptoms. The ABCD2 mark is a validated tool to measure farther shot hazard in patients with TIA, based on age, blood force per unit area, clinical characteristics such as failing, diabetes, and symptom continuance. Patients believed to hold suffered an acute shot should hold encephalon imaging done within 1 hr or Oklahoman where possible if there is an indicant for thrombolysis or if they fulfil other standards set out by the guideline development group ( GDG ) , ( 9 ) . Patients who have suffered a non-disabling shot or a TIA may be appropriate for carotid endarterectomy. Campaigners who are appropriate for carotid endarterectomy should undergo specialist appraisal and imagination of their carotid arterias within a hebdomad of the oncoming of symptoms. Literature hunt and method The writer used the University of Liverpool and Lancaster University library services to carry on the hunts every bit good as the universe broad web. Database hunts were conducted utilizing MEDLINE, PUBMED, Web of Science and OvidS. Key words and footings searched included shot, TIA, carotid endarterectomy, hazard, carotid stricture, timing, surgery, early. From the hunt articles were identified by ab initio seeking the term ‘carotid endarterectomy ‘ which gave 3425 articles. This hunt was so narrowed down by adding in the term ‘timing ‘ which narrowed the hunt to merely 17 articles. From analyzing the abstracts of the 17 articles 5 were chosen for their relevancy to the rubric inquiry, day of the month and surveies carried out. I chose these articles to reexamine because they all included informations collected sing the timing of carotid endarterectomy performed after patients suffered diagnostic carotid stricture in the signifier of a non-disabling shot or TIA. The surveies chosen are ; Urgency of Carotid Endarterectomy for Secondary Stroke Prevention: Consequences From the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network ( Study 1 ) ( 10 ) , Population-based Study of Delays in Carotid Imaging and Surgery and the Hazard of Recurrent Stroke ( Study 2 ) ( 3 ) , European Carotid Surgery Trialists ‘ Collaborative Group. Randomised test of endarterectomy for late diagnostic carotid stricture: concluding consequences of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial ( ECST ) ( Study 3 ) ( 1 ) , Timing of Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Recent Stroke ( Study 4 ) ( 11 ) , and Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis in Relation to Clinical Subgroups and Timing of Surgery ( Study 5 ) ( 12 ) . Literature Review Study 1 This survey identified patients from 12 shot Centres in Canada between 2003 and 2006. The cohort was retrospectively assembled from the patients in the register who had undergone CEA within 6 months of enduring a diagnostic event, described as a TIA or an acute ischemic shot. Patients were excluded from the survey who had suffered optic events or posterior circulation events. It besides restricted its cohort to diagnostic patients by merely including patients with known diagnostic stricture contralateral to the symptoms or ipsilateral to the country noted on neuroimaging. This was to except patients operated on for symptomless stricture. This survey showed that of all the ischemic shots and TIAs on their register that met the standards, 10213, 6270, ( 61.4 % ) received imaging and of this 1011 ( 16.1 % ) were found to hold diagnostic carotid stricture of 50-99 % . Of these patients 177 ( 17.5 % ) underwent CEA within 6 months and excepting those patients with bilateral stricture left 105 patients for the survey. 80 % of the 105 of these had terrible stricture of 70-99 % and 20 % had moderate stricture of 50-69 % . Patients were shown to go to the exigency section in a average clip of 6.7 hours of the oncoming of symptoms ( interquartile scope 1.2-31.7 ) with 71 % geting within 24hours. Of the 105 patients 38 underwent surgery within 2 hebdomads, 53 within 1 month and the staying 26 3months or subsequently. The survey showed that the patients undergoing surgery within 2 hebdomads improved significantly over the survey period – 18.2 % in 2003, 25 % in 2004, 45.5 % in 2005 and 44.8 % in 2006. Study 2 How to cite Stroke In Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Stroke In Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Purpose- The intent of this reappraisal is to look at the consequence of timing of the surgery on the hazard decrease from undergoing the process in patients that have diagnostic carotid stricture and have suffered old transeunt ischemic onslaughts or acute shots. What will be reviewed are the chief randomised control tests carried out in recent old ages and the guidelines obtained from such tests. The tests being the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial ( NASCET ) ( 2 ) the European Carotid Surgery Trial ( ECST ) ( 1 ) and a Population based survey of holds in Carotid imagination and surgery and the hazard of recurrent shot, ( the Oxfordshire survey ) ( 3 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Stroke In Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Search methods- The writer used the University of Liverpool and Lancaster University library services to carry on the hunts every bit good as the universe broad web. Database hunts were conducted utilizing MEDLINE, PUBMED, Web of Science and OvidS. Cardinal words: shot, TIA, carotid endarterectomy, hazard, carotid stricture, timing, surgery, early Consequences: Decisions: Introduction An estimated 150,000 people have a shot with over 67,000 deceases attributed to stroke each twelvemonth in the UK. It is the 3rd most common cause of decease in England and Wales and histories for 9 per cent of all deceases in work forces and 13 per cent of deceases in adult females in the UK. It causes greater disablement than other chronic diseases and there are an estimated 300,000 people populating with moderate to terrible disablements due to shots. ( 4 ) In England shots cost the economic system A ; lb ; 7bn. This includes NHS costs, station shot attention costs and cost due to loss of productiveness and disablement ( 4 ) . A shot can be defined as either ischemic or haemorrhagic. Both cause a break in the blood supply to the encephalon and rapid development of loss of encephalon map either due to spliting of a blood vas or as in the instance of carotid arteria disease the blocking of a vas either due to plaque formation or thrombus formation. Ischaemic strokes history for 70 % of all shots. ( 5 ) Ischaemia is the deficiency of O and glucose to the tissues and so the eventual decease of the tissue. The location of the ischaemia and the loss of encephalon map can be determined by the attendant effects such as hemiparesis or unilateral paralysis, the inability to organize or understand address and the loss of ocular Fieldss typically amaurosis fugax ( a transient monocular ocular loss ) . A transeunt ischaemic onslaught ( TIA ) is frequently referred to as a mini shot and is the consequence of break of blood flow temporarily to a portion of the encephalon ( 5 ) . This impermanent break of blood flow consequences in brief neurologic disfunction that persists for less than 24 hours. If the symptoms last for longer than 24 hours it is classed as a shot. Ischaemic shots and TIA are on occasion treated with thrombolysis, the pharmacological dislocation of coagulums, physical therapy, address and linguistic communication therapy and occupational therapy. For patients shown to hold carotid artery stricture surgery is besides an option. Carotid endarterectomy ( CEA ) is a surgical process performed to forestall shots in patients who suffer from carotid arteria disease. Patients may hold diagnostic or symptomless carotid arterial stricture which is contracting of an arteria in this instance the common carotid arteria ( CCA ) . The stricture is caused by coronary artery disease and plaque formation on the interior of the arteria ( 6, 7 ) . The plaque formation normally occurs at the bifurcation of the CCA and this so causes narrowing of the lms and/or the release of emboli in to the circulation which can so come in the internal carotid arteria and so the encephalon. This can so do a transeunt ischemic onslaught or a shot. The grade of stricture of the CCA determines how high the hazard is for such an event. Patients who have suffered a TIA should be to the full assessed utilizing the ABCD2 mark to find the hazard of farther shot and should besides undergo encephalon imagination ( 8 ) . Patients with an ABCD2 mark of 4 or more and where the vascular pathology is diffident so the encephalon imagination should be carried out within 24 hours of oncoming of symptoms. Those with an ABCD2 mark of less than 4 where the vascular pathology is diffident are classed as lower hazard of farther shot and should guarantee they undergo encephalon imagination with in 1 hebdomad of the oncoming of symptoms. The ABCD2 mark is a validated tool to measure farther shot hazard in patients with TIA, based on age, blood force per unit area, clinical characteristics such as failing, diabetes, and symptom continuance. Patients believed to hold suffered an acute shot should hold encephalon imaging done within 1 hr or Oklahoman where possible if there is an indicant for thrombolysis or if they fulfil other standards set out by the guideline development group ( GDG ) , ( 9 ) . Patients who have suffered a non-disabling shot or a TIA may be appropriate for carotid endarterectomy. Campaigners who are appropriate for carotid endarterectomy should undergo specialist appraisal and imagination of their carotid arterias within a hebdomad of the oncoming of symptoms. Literature hunt and method The writer used the University of Liverpool and Lancaster University library services to carry on the hunts every bit good as the universe broad web. Database hunts were conducted utilizing MEDLINE, PUBMED, Web of Science and OvidS. Key words and footings searched included shot, TIA, carotid endarterectomy, hazard, carotid stricture, timing, surgery, early. From the hunt articles were identified by ab initio seeking the term ‘carotid endarterectomy ‘ which gave 3425 articles. This hunt was so narrowed down by adding in the term ‘timing ‘ which narrowed the hunt to merely 17 articles. From analyzing the abstracts of the 17 articles 5 were chosen for their relevancy to the rubric inquiry, day of the month and surveies carried out. I chose these articles to reexamine because they all included informations collected sing the timing of carotid endarterectomy performed after patients suffered diagnostic carotid stricture in the signifier of a non-disabling shot or TIA. The surveies chosen are ; Urgency of Carotid Endarterectomy for Secondary Stroke Prevention: Consequences From the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network ( Study 1 ) ( 10 ) , Population-based Study of Delays in Carotid Imaging and Surgery and the Hazard of Recurrent Stroke ( Study 2 ) ( 3 ) , European Carotid Surgery Trialists ‘ Collaborative Group. Randomised test of endarterectomy for late diagnostic carotid stricture: concluding consequences of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial ( ECST ) ( Study 3 ) ( 1 ) , Timing of Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Recent Stroke ( Study 4 ) ( 11 ) , and Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis in Relation to Clinical Subgroups and Timing of Surgery ( Study 5 ) ( 12 ) . Literature Review Study 1 This survey identified patients from 12 shot Centres in Canada between 2003 and 2006. The cohort was retrospectively assembled from the patients in the register who had undergone CEA within 6 months of enduring a diagnostic event, described as a TIA or an acute ischemic shot. Patients were excluded from the survey who had suffered optic events or posterior circulation events. It besides restricted its cohort to diagnostic patients by merely including patients with known diagnostic stricture contralateral to the symptoms or ipsilateral to the country noted on neuroimaging. This was to except patients operated on for symptomless stricture. This survey showed that of all the ischemic shots and TIAs on their register that met the standards, 10213, 6270, ( 61.4 % ) received imaging and of this 1011 ( 16.1 % ) were found to hold diagnostic carotid stricture of 50-99 % . Of these patients 177 ( 17.5 % ) underwent CEA within 6 months and excepting those patients with bilateral stricture left 105 patients for the survey. 80 % of the 105 of these had terrible stricture of 70-99 % and 20 % had moderate stricture of 50-69 % . Patients were shown to go to the exigency section in a average clip of 6.7 hours of the oncoming of symptoms ( interquartile scope 1.2-31.7 ) with 71 % geting within 24hours. Of the 105 patients 38 underwent surgery within 2 hebdomads, 53 within 1 month and the staying 26 3months or subsequently. The survey showed that the patients undergoing surgery within 2 hebdomads improved significantly over the survey period – 18.2 % in 2003, 25 % in 2004, 45.5 % in 2005 and 44.8 % in 2006. Study 2 How to cite Stroke In Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Kashmir Conflict free essay sample

After centuries of Hindu and Buddhist rule, Muslim Moghul emperors took control of Kashmir in the 15th century, converted to population to Islam and incorporated it into the Moghul empire. Islamic Moghul rule should not be confused with modern forms of authoritarian Islamic regimes. The Moghul empire, characterized by the likes of Akbar the Great (1542-1605) embodied Enlightenment ideals of tolerance and pluralism a century before the rise of the European Enlightenment. (Moghuls left their mark on the subsequent Sufi-inspired form of Islam that dominated the subcontinent in India and Pakistan, before the rise of more  jihadist-inspired Islamist mullahs. ) Afghan invaders followed the Moghuls in the 18th century, who were themselves driven out by Sikhs from Punjab. Britain invaded in the 19th century and sold the entire Kashmir Valley for half a million rupees (or three rupees per Kashmiri) to the brutal repressive ruler of Jammu, the Hindu Gulab Singh. It was under Singh that the Kashmir Valley became part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. We will write a custom essay sample on Kashmir Conflict or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page PARTITION amp; DISPUTE: In 1947, British rule in India ended with the creation of two new nations: the  Union of India  and the  Dominion of Pakistan, while British  suzerainty  over the 562 Indian  princely states  ended. According to the  Indian Independence Act 1947, the suzerainty of His Majesty over the Indian States lapses, and with it, all treaties and agreements in force at the date of the passing of this Act between His Majesty and the rulers of Indian States,  so the states were left to choose whether to join India or Pakistan or to remain independent. Jammu and Kashmir, the largest of the princely states, had a predominantly Muslim population, while having a Hindu ruler (Maharaja  Hari Singh. ) On partition Pakistan expected Kashmir to be annexed to it. In October 1947, Muslim revolutionaries in western Kashmir and Pakistani tribals from  Dir  entered Kashmir, intending to liberate it from  Dogra  rule. Unable to withstand the invasion, the Maharaja signed the Instrument of Accession  on 25 October 1947 that was accepted by the government of India on 27 October 1947. Kashmir Today According to a Congressional Research Service report, Relations between Pakistan and India remain deadlocked on the issue of Kashmiri sovereignty, and a separatist rebellion has been underway in the region since 1989. Tensions were extremely high in the wake of the Kargil conflict of 1999, when an incursion by Pakistani soldiers led to a bloody six-week-long battle. Tensions over Kashmir rose dangerously in fall 2001, forcing then-Secretary of State Colin Powell to de-escalate tensions in person. When a bomb exploded in the Indian Jammu and Kashmir state assembly and an armed band assaulted the Indian Parliament in New Delhi later that year, India mobilized 700,000 troops, threatened war, and provoked Pakistan into mobilizing its forces. American intervention compelled then-Pakistani President  Pervez Musharraf, who had been particularly instrumental in further militarizing Kashmir, provoking the Kargil war there in 1999, and facilitating Islamist terrorism subsequently, in January 2002 vowed to end the presence of terrorist entities on Pakistani soil. He promised to ban and eliminate terrorist organizations, including Jemaah Islamiyah,  Lashkar-e-Taiba  and Jaish-e-Mohammed. Musharrafs pledges, as always, proved empty. Violence in Kashmir continued. In May 2002, an attack on an Indian army base at Kolchak killed 34, most of them women and children. The attack again brought Pakistan and India to the brink of war. Like the Arab-Israeli conflict, the conflict over Kashmir remains unresolved. And like the Arab-Israeli conflict, it is the source, and perhaps the key, to peace in regions far greater than the territory in dispute CAN KASHMIR PUT AT BACK BURNER? No, it can’t be put at backburner for the improvement of relations between India and Pakistan due to following reasons: Kashmir is the main bone contention between India and Pakistan. * MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS: Both India and Pakistan claim the mountainous region of Kashmir belongs to them. * PAKISTANIS CLAIM: The Pakistanis say that Kashmir should have become part of Pakistan in 1947 because most of their populations are Muslims. * INDIANS CLAIM: India claims Kashmir because the Maharaja in Kashmir handed over various powers to India in 1947. * INDUS RIVER: Kashmir is important to India and Pakistan because the source of the Indus River is located in Kashmir and whichever country controls Kashmir will control the Indus. Kashmir also holds religious significance to both countries. * GEOGRAPHICAL IMPORTANCE OF KASHMIR Kashmir is famous for its beauty and natural scenery throughout the world. Its high snow-clad mountains, scenic spots, beautiful valleys, rivers with ice-cold water, attractive lakes and springs and ever-green fields, dense forests and beautiful health resorts, enhance its grandeur and are a source of great attraction for tourists. It is also widely known for its different kinds of agricultural products, fruit, vegetables, saffron, herbs, minerals, precious stones handicrafts like woolen carpets, shawls and finest kind of embroidery on clothes. During summer, one can enjoy the beauty of nature, trout fishing, big and small game hunting etc. ; during winter climbing mountain peaks and sports like skating and skiing on snow slopes are commonly enjoyed. In addition to the above, Pilgrimage to famous religious shrines of the Hindus and the Muslims make Kashmir a great tourist attraction. About Kashmir Sheikh Sadia great Persian poet is believed to have said, If there is any heaven on earth, it is here in Kashmir†. * IMPORTANCE OF KASHMIR TO PAKISTAN: The importance of Kashmir to Pakistan as the lifeline can be well -understood by having a look at the  map  of Pakistan. Three out of six rivers, which run through Pakistan, originates from Kashmir namely Rivers Indus, Jhelum and Chenab where as remaining three namely Rivers Ravi, Sutlej and Bias originate from India. Economically,  the waters  of the Indus, Jhelum and Chenab, which originate through Kashmir, are vital to the agricultural life of Pakistan. Assuming that Kashmir was to accede to India, the same would also apply to the other three rivers, and not only the water of the rivers which flow from India to Pakistan but also that of the rivers which flow from Kashmir into Pakistan would be denied to Pakistan. For the same very reason, Kashmir assumes added importance for Pakistan from military point of view. Without Kashmir,  Silk route  to China will be greatly endangered and there will be no link with China-a time tested ally and  friend  of Pakistan. There will be no ground defense of Pakistan if the rivers and canals of Pakistan are dried up. It was this reason that the Prime Minister of Pakistan described the strategic value of Kashmir to Pakistan in the following words in 1951[1]. â€Å"Kashmir is very important, is vital to Pakistan; to India it is what you might call a luxury; with us it is a vital necessity for our survival. Kashmir as you will see from this  map  is like a cap on the head of Pakistan. If I allow India to have this cap on our head then I am always at  the mercy  of India the strategic  position  of Kashmir is such that without it Pakistan cannot defend itself against an unscrupulous government that might come in India. Then the sacrifices of the millions will have been in vain†. * On the basis of these reasons, former president of Pakistan, Field Marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan was of the view that  Ã¢â‚¬Å"both the Kashmir and Canal water Disputes are matters of life and death to Pakistan† * INDIAN WITHOUT KASHMIR: As per the Indian’s claims, there are historical and cultural ties of the state with India of which it has all through the ages been an integral part. Mr. Gopal, a Hindu writer in his article in Indian Periodical â€Å"Carvan† published in February 1950 offers following: * â€Å"India without Kashmir could cease to occupy a pivotal  position  on the political map  of Central Asia. Strategically, Kashmir is vital to the security; it has been so ever since the dawn of history. Its northern provinces give direct gateway to the North West province of Pakistan and Northern Punjab. It is India’s only window to the Central Asian Republics of USSR in the north, China  on the east and Afghanistan on the west†. Indians are also apprehensive that if Kashmir is given independence, it could set a â€Å"chain reaction† in motion of similar demands of other Indian ethnic groups and lead in turn to an extremely violent civil war in India. Similarly, Indians also quote the various elections held in Kashmir on an all India basis, which according to them have amply indicated that the Kashmiris have accepted the state as an integral – part of the India. But the ground realities are that the total boycott of State and Lok Sabha elections since 1987 and less than two percent turnout puts the very nature of these so called elections questionable. TO RESOLVE THE ISSUE: Pakistan’s Stand on Kashmir * The official  position  is that the Kashmir dispute should be resolved in the light of the UN resolutions. It continues to stress that the talks between India and Pakistan in the future should centre on securing the right of self-determination for the people of Kashmir. Pakistan has officially welcomed any  international  mediation  or a third-party role to facilitate talks. The Pakistani media subscribes to the view that  Ã¢â‚¬ËœKashmir is the core issue between India and Pakistan’  and without meaning full negotiations on the issue the situation between India and Pakistan is not likely to improve. * At the national level, Pakistan has been able to adequately handle the Kashmir situation. However, it has neither been able to provide effective assistance to the Kashmiri resistance nor has been able to resolve their differences. * At the bilateral level, a difference of approach exists between India and Pakistan. Internationally, Pakistan has achieved modest success in generating World response on the dispute and has sought favorable resolutions from such  international  bodies, like the OIC, NAM, ECO and European Community. Involvement of  international  agencies like the Amnesty  International, the Asian Watch and the Physicians for Human Rights in condemning the state sponsored atrocities in Kashmir, further strengthen the diplomatic stance of the Pakistan. Indian Stand on Kashmir: * According to the India, the state of Kashmir since its accession to India is an integral part of the union of India. The only component of the Kashmir issue legally admissible in talks between India and Pakistan over the future of the state pertains to the need for Pakistan to back away from state ‘sponsored terrorism’ in India and to ‘vacate the territories occupied illegally by Pakistan. ’ The official Indian  position  argues that the future status of the state otherwise is a domestic problem, which will entail a Punjab like  solution, within the corners of the Indian constitution and that the talks between India and Pakistan should occur in a strictly bilateral framework.

Content Management Systems essays

Content Management Systems essays A content management system (CMS) is a term used to describe a system that manages Web site content. The CMS is well known for its ability to provide templates that allow a content author to manage the creation, modification and removal of Web site content without the need to know Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Thus, the organization is less dependent on specialized Web developer skills for Web site development and maintenance. However, the are numerous lesser known benefits such as data integration, design consistency, personalization, content syndication, automation of review, approval and publishing, and indexing, search, and retrieval that make CMS's an attractive value proposition for most Because a CMS separates the management of content from design, a Web page can more easily include content from multiple sources such as databases and files. The format management feature allows electronic and scanned paper documents to be formatted into HTML or Portable Document Format for use on the Web site. And, Web developers can more readily leverage templates and design elements to ensure consistency throughout the Web site. This also means that maintenance is less complicated because developers only need to modify templates instead of individual Web pages. Most CMS's allow different levels of access permissions to be set for separate areas of a Web site, facilitating work by areas of responsibility. Web sites are growing more complex in their needs for personalization and content syndication. More and more, companies wanted to customize Web sites to appeal to different audiences, particularly in sites for electronic commerce. In conjunction with a customer relationship management system that understands the site visitor's preferences and behavior, CMS's help to manage the personalized content that they can access. Web sites are no longer operated in a vacu...